Can Trademarks Be Used in Search Terms?

NEW YORK – While the legal status of trademarks used in sponsored-link advertising remains murky, lawsuits around the country continue to sort through the legal morass.

The latest case involves Copiague, N.Y., pet store owner Robert Novak, who claims Google, Kanoodle and Overture have illegally sold advertising tied to the “Pets Warehouse” name he says he owns because he succeeded in obtaining a trademark registration from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. The search-engine companies argue that the phrase is generic.

The nation’s courts so far have issued mixed rulings on whether trademarks can legally be used in search terms.

But former Playboy Playmate Terri Welles won the right to use the terms “playboy” and “playmate” in her metatags. The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled last year that people can use trademarks as descriptions if they only use as much of the word as necessary. The court said Welles couldn’t be expected to describe herself as “the nude model selected by Hefner’s organization,” in place of the word “playmate.”

Many of the cases, however, are settled before they ever reach the court, with smaller sites often removing the trademarked terms to avoid a costly legal battle.

But last year French court fined Google for selling advertisements based on two travel-related phrases that were trademarked.

The Pets Warehouse case will continue, though.

U.S. District Judge Denis Hurley of the Eastern District in New York said in a preliminary ruling that the case could proceed, denying the search companies’ efforts to get it dismissed, because he wasn’t sure that Pets Warehouse is generic.

But Hurley dismissed Novak’s claim that Google was guilty of “tortious interference with prospective business relations,” saying it was nonsense. Novak, in this and other cases, has represented himself in court. Novak filed for bankruptcy last year and lost the rights to the PetsWarehouse.com domain but now runs Pets-Warehouse.com, as well as a bricks-and-mortar store.

He is trying to reclaim PetsWarehouse.com in a separate legal maneuver where he is claiming $15 million in damages from a lawyer who managed to take over the PetsWarehouse.com after he sued Novak for dematory remarks made on a website. The lawyer still owns PetsWarehouse.com and has turned it into a bulletin board highlighting the lawsuits Novak has filed so far.

In another case, Mark Nutritionals filed suits last year against Overture, AltaVista, FindWhat and Kanoodle for alleged trademark infringement.

Mark Nutritionals charges that the search companies used keywords related to its trademarked name Body Solutions but buried Mark’s own links. The company is seeking $440 million in damages.

And in yet another court pursuit, Google has asked a court to rule on whether its keyword-advertising policy is legal in a dispute with American Blind & Wallpaper Factory over the sale of keyword-advertising within search results that appear on Google.

Copyright © 2025 Adnet Media. All Rights Reserved. XBIZ is a trademark of Adnet Media.
Reproduction in whole or in part in any form or medium without express written permission is prohibited.

More News

Cherry Kiss, Derek Kage Cap AEBN's Top Stars for 4th Quarter of 2024

AEBN has revealed its most popular performers in gay and straight theaters for the fourth quarter of 2024.

A Golden Night in Hollywood: 2025 XMAs Shine on Adult Entertainment's Best

To paraphrase the unofficial U.S. Postal Service motto: Neither rain nor cold nor the chaos of natural disasters can stop members of the adult entertainment community from the completion of their appointed duty every January: to honor the artistic and commercial achievements of their peers.

What Changes in DC Could Mean for the Adult Industry

On November 5, 2024, American voters were called to the polls. The results of that election revealed an unquestionably uncomfortable truth for everyone, regardless of party or ideology: the “united” part of United States does not appear to be holding strong.

Byborg Acquires Gamma Entertainment

Luxembourg-based Byborg Enterprises SA has acquired 100% of Canadian adult conglomerate Gamma Entertainment.

Adult Creative Debuts 'Pornful' Website Management Platform

Web design and marketing firm Adult Creative has launched its new Pornful website management platform.

2025 XMA Winners Announced

Winners of the 2025 XMAs were revealed Sunday night during a ceremony hosted by Vanna Bardot and Ryan Reid at the world-famous Hollywood Palladium.

X3 Expo Day 2 Looks at the Industry's Past, and Ahead to Its Future

A gorgeous day in LA saw a massive procession making its way along Sunset Blvd., as hundreds of excited fans headed to the historic Hollywood Palladium for a rendezvous with the galaxy of A-list adult stars awaiting them on Day 2 of the 2025 X3 Expo.

X3 Expo Pops Off With All-Star Lineup

A wave of excited fans cascaded down Sunset Blvd., cresting and breaking with anticipation as they flowed into the historic Hollywood Palladium, where the A-list echelon of the adult world stood ready to greet them, pose with them, chat them up, and showcase the latest in spicy entertainment, as the 2025 X3 Expo popped off.

XBIZ Honors Uplifts Spirits Amid Challenging Times for LA and the Adult Industry

"A bunch of misfit toys." That’s how MojoHost founder Brad Mitchell described himself and his industry peers at the 2025 XBIZ Honors ceremony at Hollywood’s Kimpton Everly Hotel. Everyone cheered in agreement. Frankly, they wouldn’t have it any other way.

Kansas Sues Adult Website Operator Under AV Law

Kansas Attorney General Kris Kobach has filed suit against SARJ LLC, alleging that the company’s adult websites have failed to implement age verification as mandated by state law.

Show More